Birds are often associated with flight, but they do not all go to the sky. Nearby 60 species – Less than 1 % of all bird species – fly, including ostrich, penguins and Quees. These birds were prepared from the flying ancestors, but lost their ability to fly instead of living on the ground or in water.
But why did they leave the flight? Why don’t all birds fly?
The ability to fly is particularly Is useful to escape from hunters And traveling long distances in search of food and favorable conditions. However, flight requires a lot of energy. Birds burn 75 % more energy Similarly, compared to the shaped stars.
“If the flight is not necessary, birds can survive better and if they turn this energy investment somewhere else they can survive better and re -reproduce,” Natalie RightAn associate professor of biology at Canon College in Ohio, told Science directly in an email.
In an article of 2016 published in the journal pnasWright and his colleagues noted that birds living in the island do not face very few people, nor do they face less competition for food and residence.
“When without hunters on an island and without the need to migrate or travel for long distances, flight costs for a number of birds are far more than the benefits,” Wright said.
Related: Why do parrots live for so long?
Flying towards birds brings physical change in the birds. During the evolutionary time, their pectoral flight muscles shrink. Wright said the stream (breast bone) with its central ridge (stomach) – where flight muscles are connected – it is also small. He added that the wing bones – homers, alna and carpometerps – become less and less stronger, while their legs are longer and tight as a lifestyle lifestyle.
Some birds have done a flight business for high swimming capabilities. PenguinsFor example, maintained your flight muscles and stomachs but re -prepared them for swimming. “They use their wings to fly underwater,” Peter RyanEmeritus, a professor at Cape Town University in South Africa, told Science directly in an email. Flight lace oak For,,,,,,,,,, for,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,, for,.Pngnius impenis) It also uses its wings to advance itself through water.
Ryan said that the birds, which have been flying for a long time, also disappear long, hard feathers needed to fly. In some species, such as Qi’is and inaccessible Island Rail (Atlantasia RogersiRyan added that the body’s feather loses barrels-small, hook-shaped structures that usually hold aerodynamic-they give them appearance like a flafigar, fur.
A study of 2025 published in the journal Evolution Flies -lace birds lose the features of the wings in the opposite sequence of how they were produced first. Research has also concluded that skeleton changes occur before the changes in the plumage, as the bones need to be significantly more energy than to maintain and maintain that it is compared to maintaining wings.
Although flying birds are unusual today, fossils have revealed that they were found to be more and more diverse a few thousand years ago, Tim BlackburnUniversity College London -based Biology professor, told science directly in an email. However, the arrival of humans and animals such as mice and dogs exposed these birds in front of the hunters.
Blackburn said, “After sacrificing his ability to go into the air, it was not time to resolve this useful ability for them.” Because of the birds as rapidly turned out to be Doodo For,,,,,,,,,, for,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,, for,,, for,,, for,,, for,,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,,,, for,, for,.RFOS COLTS) Mauritius, MOA in New Zealand, and many others.
2020 studies appeared in Blackburn’s co -author and journal Science development It has been found that today there will be four times more species than birds on the earth if it is not for human -driven extinction.
Evolutionary history suffered at least 150 times flight loss in different groups of birds, Fereran seoulThe first author of the study, and a researcher at the Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CEREF) in the city of Barcelona, Spain, told science directly in an email.
Seoul said, “Many of these species had grown on the islands without any hunters, but when humans disappeared shortly after arrival (due to the introduction of hunting or hunters), and the flight is really more unusual.”
