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Thousands of mysterious mounds on Mars preserve layers of evidence that point to ancient water on the red planet, which has potentially made great formations a sculpture.
Located near Natural, Mars’s Chris Plantia over 15,000 hills from the bottom of the Plantia Distribute line between the southern and northern hemisphere of the planet. Geological features have long made interesting scientists interesting, who have not yet believed what the mound has created.
These formations, which are spread in a large area of ​​Texas, can be seen in images taken by the orbit of the NASA and the European Space Agency that revolve around the red planet. Extraordinary features are similar to the Arizona-Uyota border, as well as the famous bits of the memorial valley and Mesa.
A new analysis of the imagery and data collected by orbit appeared in the journal January 20 Nature Geo ScienceHighlights the history of the mound. These results show why there can be such a straightforward difference between the northern and southern hemisphere of the planet: the harvest is caused by water 4 billion to 3.8 billion years ago.
The mound time capsules work like experts can help astronomers open the secrets of Mars’ past.
“Each of the hill layers contains a series of past layers, each of which is a series of past events,” said Dr. Joe McNeill, a scientist and post -document researcher of the planets of London’s Natural History Museum via email via email. Record. ” “The oldest is in the lower part and is made of a rock that is about four billion years old. The gender of the gender, seeing these layers is like looking at the pages of a book – tells each story! “
The mounds are close to the future landing site ESA’s Exumars Rosaland Franklin RoverIs expected to launch in 2028. There is a possibility that mounds may be investigated by Rover, which can further disclose the history of water on the Red Planet and the identification of resources for future human search.
Mac Nile and his team Photos collected by orbit around Mars to gain insights about mound geology. Orbiting sensors, cameras and other scientific devices that collect a range of data.
These hills looked similar to each other from a distance, but the high resolution imagery obtained by orbit allowed MacNeel to zoom, which revealed the “incredible type of structure”.
McKiniel said Memorial can reach a thousand feet (300 meters) on the floor of the Memorial Valley and Mesa Valley and cover an area of ​​145 square miles, but Martin Mills reach 1,800 feet (550 m) Can spread and spread to 2,000 times larger area. . Martin mounds are also very old, which has billions of years instead of millions.
But McNail’s analysis shows that the Martin Mills are likely to be the last remains of the ancient mountainous areas that were washed and worn, as well as was formed, such as the characteristics of the memorable valley through harvesting.
“Our results show that the water surface and at the underground surface of the region existed between the geological time scales, 4.0 (billion) and 3.8 billion years ago,” McNeel said. “These mounds were actually part of the hills, which consisted of hundreds of meters of clay -rich rock that was formed in the presence of liquid water. Their erosion over hundreds of kilometers shows that the hills extended too much ( Away) From today, in the north, provide new insights about the ancient geography and hydrology of Mars.
Layers of cliffs rich in soil indicate that there was an abundance of water at the martin surface, which produces chemical reactions with stones. Water, either in the form of liquid or ice, could have caused the rock to cut into the rocks.
Although there is evidence to show that rivers and lakes on Mars were furious, it is difficult to say what kind of water feature was caused, McNeel said.
McNele said, “Most evidence has been removed, and what is saved – the mounds – so old that they have also had an additional 3.8 billion years of additional air, causing them to make mounds at first place. “
“This is equivalent to trying to understand the plot of a book where most pages are missing, and the rest of the people are broken and faded. We can collect some story, but most of them have left the interpretation. Has gone
One question, McKiniel and his colleagues, has discovered in the study whether Mars could cause a harvest in an ancient North Sea, but the idea is a controversial discussion that is under discussion by scientists.
However, the region’s robotic research can determine whether the sea was ever present or not – and if life could be existed.
The mounds are just north of the north known as Martin Diacotomy, it is a natural Between the rising plains of the northern hemisphere and the growing hills of the southern hemisphere. The South Highlands are targeted by a lot of Pok Mark Criters and the lower areas of the lower areas stand on average 5 miles (8 km) than the rolling plains.
McNeill said, but researchers have struggled to identify what the boundaries have created, which is spreading all over the planet, resulting in Mars’s biggest mystery. The appearance of this limit varies around the planet, in which some areas connect the lower areas directly to the hills, while others have a sharp rock.
Scientists have two important ideas about the beginning of the boundary.
“The plate gives the plate tectonic land to its continents and marine frozen, but the plate in Mars is not a tectonic,” McNele said. “This means that it is difficult to tell why the southern mountainous areas of Mars have a very thick and ancient layer, while the northern lower parts are very young and thin.
He explained, “Some models have suggested that in the north of Mars, it had one or more major effects in the early history of its history, making the northern lower regions effectively as a major depression. Was formed. ” “As an alternative, this plate can be the result of a mantle -powered process like tectonics, which ended very quickly in the history of Mars.”
There is evidence for both ideas and against it, McNell said, and discussions have to be encountered.
A research published in the Journal’s January 16 issue Geo -physical research posts It suggests that the Marskocyx, or the earthquake coming from the Mars, are found by the NASA insights mission that refers to the convention within the Martin Subsport as the driver of the Dicotomy.
The authors of the study said that billions of years ago, the mantle of Mars, or the inner layer, possibly from one place to another, had heat transfer, or heat transfer. The mantle is located between the planet layer and the core.
McNele launched an investigation into the mound of Chris Plansia area near Diacotomy as part of his doctorate program while living in Open University of England because he believes “a key for Mars’ missions in the future Location “.
Nearby areas of the mound, such as Oxia Planum and Morthley, are interested in scientists because they can preserve the past symbols on Mars. The mound extends between 310 miles (500 km) between the Morth Morth Wells and the Oxia Planum, but the study in this study is near Murth Wales, which is located in the north and west of the area.
Both Morth Wells and the Oxia Planum were the candidates for the future landing site of the Franklin Rover. But the mission team has made a commitment Oxia Planum Will According to, provide a secure site to landing and crossing the region Esa.
The study investigated in the study is hundreds of kilometers away from the oxia plan, but small mound with the same mixture in the landing The site will be accessible to rover To observe the picture near and the picture.
McNele said, “This is very interesting because it means that by the detection of these plains, Rover will tell us a lot about the larger region and possibly about the environment there. ” “(Mille) was the key to understanding how this area of ​​Mars is with each other.”
Astronomy, a francs of the French Institute of Space Estro Physics, Francois Paulot Murtha Wales studied the regionHe said he believes McNele’s study provided more details and evidence on how the mound was formed. The Palate was not involved in new research.
“This study reinforces my feeling that Moorth Wells is a truly unique region and is a great region to find them through a future robotic mission,” said Paul.
